作者

彭东林

pengdonglin137@163.com

 

软件

Host： Ubuntu14.04 64

Qemu 2.8.0

Linux 2.6.24

busybox 1.24.2

gcc 4.4.7

 

概述

为了尽量还原《深入Linux内核架构》这本书的环境，我下载了Linux 2.6.24，由于这个内核版本比较老，所以用最新的gcc编译会有问题，所以需要安装一个比较老的gcc，从该内核的README得知，gcc的版本最少应该是3.2.

 

正文

一、安装GCC

使用apt-cache search gcc发现，目前可以安装的最老的gcc版本是4.4，安装命令如下：

sudo apt-get install gcc-4.4*

为了便于跟原来的高版本的gcc切换，可以使用下面的命令：

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 0sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.4 1

这样，在切换gcc版本时就方便多了，可以使用下面的命令切换：

sudo update-alternatives --config gcc

此时会列出如下信息：

There are 2 choices for the alternative gcc (providing /usr/bin/gcc).  Selection    Path              Priority   Status------------------------------------------------------------  0            /usr/bin/gcc-4.4   1         auto mode* 1            /usr/bin/gcc-4.4   1         manual mode  2            /usr/bin/gcc-4.8   0         manual modePress enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

根据需求选择我们需要的版本即可。

二、编译Linux内核

编译命令如下：

#!/bin/bashmake ARCH=i386 i386_defconfigmake ARCH=i386 menuconfigmake ARCH=i386 bzImage V=1 -j8

在编译的时候会提示如下的错误：

arch/x86/boot/boot.h: Assembler messages:arch/x86/boot/boot.h:112: Error: bad register name `%dil'

也就是下面的一行代码出现问题：

asm volatile("movb %%fs:%1,%0" : "=r" (v) : "m" (*(u8 *)addr));

在网上搜索一番后，出现这个问题的原因如下：（）

"r"表示的时任何寄存器，而dil寄存器时x86_64上才有的，所以将上面的"=r"换为"=q"，即限定为只能选eax,ebx,ecx,edx之一。

修改完成后，就可以编译通过了。

支持ramdisk：

General setup　　----> [*] Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) supportDevice Drivers　　----> [*] Block devices　　　　　　　　----> (16)    Default number of RAM disks　　　　　　　　----> (65535) Default RAM disk size (kbytes)　　　　　　　　----> (1024)  Default RAM disk block size (bytes)

 

三、制作跟文件系统

这一节参考

如果在编译的时候遇到了如下的错误：

 

CC      applets/applets.oIn file included from /usr/include/bits/errno.h:24,                 from /usr/include/errno.h:35,                 from include/libbb.h:17,                 from include/busybox.h:8,                 from applets/applets.c:9:/usr/include/linux/errno.h:1: fatal error: asm/errno.h: No such file or directory

 

那么需要安装下面的软件包：

sudo apt-get install linux-libc-dev:i386

制作脚本mk_ramdisk.sh稍有不同：

#!/bin/bashsudo rm -rf rootfssudo rm -rf tmpfssudo rm -rf ramdisk*sudo mkdir rootfssudo cp /home/pengdonglin/disk_ext/Third_Part/Busybox/x86_2_6_24/_install/*  rootfs/ -rafsudo mkdir -p rootfs/proc/sudo mkdir -p rootfs/sys/sudo mkdir -p rootfs/tmp/sudo mkdir -p rootfs/root/sudo mkdir -p rootfs/var/sudo mkdir -p rootfs/mnt/sudo cp etc rootfs/ -arfsudo mkdir -p rootfs/libsudo cp -arf /lib/i386-linux-gnu/* rootfs/lib/sudo rm -f rootfs/lib/*.asudo strip rootfs/lib/*sudo mkdir -p rootfs/dev/sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty1 c 4 1sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty2 c 4 2sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty3 c 4 3sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty4 c 4 4sudo mknod rootfs/dev/console c 5 1sudo mknod rootfs/dev/null c 1 3sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=ramdisk bs=1M count=32sudo mkfs.ext2 -F ramdisksudo mkdir -p tmpfssudo mount -t ext2 ramdisk ./tmpfs/  -o loopsudo cp -raf rootfs/*  tmpfs/sudo umount tmpfs

这里不需要压缩ramdisk，因为Linux 2.6.24不支持gzip压缩的ramdisk，我们直接使用制作出的32M的ramdisk就好了。

 

四、运行qemu

run.sh:

sudo qemu-system-i386 \       -smp 2 \       -m 1024M \       -kernel ./Linux-2.6.24/arch/x86/boot/bzImage \       -nographic \       -append "root=/dev/ram1 rw rootfstype=ext2 console=ttyS0 init=/linuxrc" \       -initrd ./rootfs/ramdisk \       -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0

注意上面的root是/dev/ram1，initrd使用的是未压缩的ramdisk。

五、启动log

$./run.sh [sudo] password for pengdonglin: sudo tunctl -u root -t tap0TUNSETIFF: Device or resource busysudo ifconfig tap0 0.0.0.0 promisc upsudo brctl addif br0 tap0brctl showbridge name    bridge id        STP enabled    interfacesbr0        8000.027fb716b96e    no        eth0                            tap0[    0.000000] Linux version 2.6.24-gcbe024b4-dirty (pengdonglin@pengdonglin-dell) (gcc version 4.4.7 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.4.7-8ubuntu1) ) #7 SMP Sun Jul 2 12:29:54 CST 2017[    0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000000f0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000003ffe0000 (usable)[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 000000003ffe0000 - 0000000040000000 (reserved)[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000fffc0000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)[    0.000000] 127MB HIGHMEM available.[    0.000000] 896MB LOWMEM available.[    0.000000] found SMP MP-table at 000f6a90[    0.000000] Zone PFN ranges:[    0.000000]   DMA             0 ->     4096[    0.000000]   Normal       4096 ->   229376[    0.000000]   HighMem    229376 ->   262112[    0.000000] Movable zone start PFN for each node[    0.000000] early_node_map[1] active PFN ranges[    0.000000]     0:        0 ->   262112[    0.000000] DMI 2.8 present.[    0.000000] Using APIC driver default[    0.000000] ACPI: RSDP 000F6860, 0014 (r0 BOCHS )[    0.000000] ACPI: RSDT 3FFE1936, 0030 (r1 BOCHS  BXPCRSDT        1 BXPC        1)[    0.000000] ACPI: FACP 3FFE180A, 0074 (r1 BOCHS  BXPCFACP        1 BXPC        1)[    0.000000] ACPI: DSDT 3FFE0040, 17CA (r1 BOCHS  BXPCDSDT        1 BXPC        1)[    0.000000] ACPI: FACS 3FFE0000, 0040[    0.000000] ACPI: APIC 3FFE187E, 0080 (r1 BOCHS  BXPCAPIC        1 BXPC        1)[    0.000000] ACPI: HPET 3FFE18FE, 0038 (r1 BOCHS  BXPCHPET        1 BXPC        1)[    0.000000] ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x608[    0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x00] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)[    0.000000] Processor #0 6:6 APIC version 20[    0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x01] enabled)[    0.000000] Processor #1 6:6 APIC version 20[    0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0xff] dfl dfl lint[0x1])[    0.000000] ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x00] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0])[    0.000000] IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 0, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 dfl dfl)[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 5 global_irq 5 high level)[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_irq 9 high level)[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 10 global_irq 10 high level)[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 11 global_irq 11 high level)[    0.000000] Enabling APIC mode:  Flat.  Using 1 I/O APICs[    0.000000] ACPI: HPET id: 0x8086a201 base: 0xfed00000[    0.000000] Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information[    0.000000] Allocating PCI resources starting at 50000000 (gap: 40000000:bffc0000)[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 260065[    0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/ram1 rw rootfstype=ext2 console=ttyS0 init=/linuxrc[    0.000000] Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done.[    0.000000] Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done.[    0.000000] Initializing CPU#0[    0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 12, 16384 bytes)[    0.000000] Detected 3591.653 MHz processor.[    0.440318] Console: colour VGA+ 80x25[    0.441036] console [ttyS0] enabled[    0.449033] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)[    0.450203] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)[    0.526150] Memory: 1000056k/1048448k available (3234k kernel code, 47704k reserved, 1580k data, 264k init, 130944k highmem)[    0.526566] virtual kernel memory layout:[    0.526571]     fixmap  : 0xffe14000 - 0xfffff000   (1964 kB)[    0.526577]     pkmap   : 0xff800000 - 0xffc00000   (4096 kB)[    0.526582]     vmalloc : 0xf8800000 - 0xff7fe000   ( 111 MB)[    0.526586]     lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xf8000000   ( 896 MB)[    0.526591]       .init : 0xc05bb000 - 0xc05fd000   ( 264 kB)[    0.526596]       .data : 0xc0428b57 - 0xc05b3f0c   (1580 kB)[    0.526601]       .text : 0xc0100000 - 0xc0428b57   (3234 kB)[    0.527733] Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode... Ok.[    0.529667] SLUB: Genslabs=11, HWalign=32, Order=0-1, MinObjects=4, CPUs=2, Nodes=1[    0.610936] Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 7223.22 BogoMIPS (lpj=14446442)[    0.612052] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512[    0.616757] CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 32K[    0.616915] CPU: L2 cache: 4096K[    0.617011] CPU: L3 cache: 16384K[    0.617364] Compat vDSO mapped to ffffe000.[    0.617873] Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK.[    0.633293] SMP alternatives: switching to UP code[    0.634978] ACPI: Core revision 20070126[    0.656303] Parsing all Control Methods:[    0.657602] Table [DSDT](id 0001) - 319 Objects with 54 Devices 88 Methods 9 Regions[    0.658273]  tbxface-0598 [00] tb_load_namespace     : ACPI Tables successfully acquired[    0.659332] evxfevnt-0091 [00] enable                : Transition to ACPI mode successful[    0.663913] CPU0: Intel QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+ stepping 03[    0.665581] SMP alternatives: switching to SMP code[    0.667474] Booting processor 1/1 eip 3000[    0.678304] Initializing CPU#1[    0.758847] Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 7237.43 BogoMIPS (lpj=14474868)[    0.758965] CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 32K[    0.758971] CPU: L2 cache: 4096K[    0.758976] CPU: L3 cache: 16384K[    0.759066] CPU1: Intel QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+ stepping 03[    0.760347] Total of 2 processors activated (14460.65 BogoMIPS).[    0.760865] ENABLING IO-APIC IRQs[    0.761888] ..TIMER: vector=0x31 apic1=0 pin1=2 apic2=-1 pin2=-1[    0.909441] checking TSC synchronization [CPU#0 -> CPU#1]: passed.[    0.930299] Brought up 2 CPUs[    0.936650] net_namespace: 64 bytes[    0.939296] NET: Registered protocol family 16[    0.941882] ACPI: bus type pci registered[    0.944310] PCI: PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xfd536, last bus=0[    0.944708] PCI: Using configuration type 1[    0.944969] Setting up standard PCI resources[    0.965663] evgpeblk-0956 [00] ev_create_gpe_block   : GPE 00 to 0F [_GPE] 2 regs on int 0x9[    0.967935] evgpeblk-1052 [00] ev_initialize_gpe_bloc: Found 0 Wake, Enabled 3 Runtime GPEs in this block[    0.987575] Completing Region/Field/Buffer/Package initialization:................................[    0.993463] Initialized 6/9 Regions 0/0 Fields 22/22 Buffers 4/4 Packages (328 nodes)[    0.993951] Initializing Device/Processor/Thermal objects by executing _INI methods:.[    0.996741] Executed 1 _INI methods requiring 0 _STA executions (examined 58 objects)[    0.997565] ACPI: Interpreter enabled[    0.997789] ACPI: (supports S0 S3 S5)[    0.998529] ACPI: Using IOAPIC for interrupt routing[    1.033396] ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (0000:00)[    1.037227] PCI quirk: region 0600-063f claimed by PIIX4 ACPI[    1.037557] PCI quirk: region 0700-070f claimed by PIIX4 SMB[    1.601786] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs 5 *10 11)[    1.602799] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs 5 *10 11)[    1.603545] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 5 10 *11)[    1.604263] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 5 10 *11)[    1.604751] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKS] (IRQs *9)[    1.605642] Linux Plug and Play Support v0.97 (c) Adam Belay[    1.606005] pnp: PnP ACPI init[    1.606194] ACPI: bus type pnp registered[    1.613416] pnp: PnP ACPI: found 11 devices[    1.613718] ACPI: ACPI bus type pnp unregistered[    1.615432] SCSI subsystem initialized[    1.617297] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs[    1.618416] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub[    1.619362] usbcore: registered new device driver usb[    1.620612] PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing[    1.620944] PCI: If a device doesn't work, try "pci=routeirq".  If it helps, post a report[    1.635350] hpet0: at MMIO 0xfed00000, IRQs 2, 8, 0[    1.635660] hpet0: 3 64-bit timers, 100000000 Hz[    1.638597] Time: tsc clocksource has been installed.[    1.681402] NET: Registered protocol family 2[    1.720234] IP route cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)[    1.723501] TCP established hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)[    1.726897] TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)[    1.729321] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 131072 bind 65536)[    1.730276] TCP reno registered[    1.746360] checking if image is initramfs...it isn't (bad gzip magic numbers); looks like an initrd[    1.938773] Freeing initrd memory: 32768k freed[    1.943777] IA-32 Microcode Update Driver: v1.14a 
     
      [    1.947253] highmem bounce pool size: 64 pages[    1.947632] Total HugeTLB memory allocated, 0[    1.963164] Installing knfsd (copyright (C) 1996 okir@monad.swb.de).[    1.964768] io scheduler noop registered[    1.964965] io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)[    1.965183] io scheduler deadline registered[    1.965438] io scheduler cfq registered[    1.965701] Limiting direct PCI/PCI transfers.[    1.965926] PCI: PIIX3: Enabling Passive Release on 0000:00:01.0[    1.966507] Activating ISA DMA hang workarounds.[    1.970978] input: Power Button (FF) as /class/input/input0[    1.971269] ACPI: Power Button (FF) [PWRF][    2.108664] Real Time Clock Driver v1.12ac[    2.109772] Linux agpgart interface v0.102[    2.110646] Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled[    2.111801] serial8250: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A[    2.114751] 00:06: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A[    2.116457] Floppy drive(s): fd0 is 2.88M AMI BIOS[    2.132601] FDC 0 is a S82078B[    2.139792] RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 65535K size 1024 blocksize[    2.141816] loop: module loaded[    2.142121] Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - version 7.3.20-k2[    2.142610] Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation.[    2.147196] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] enabled at IRQ 11[    2.147869] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:03.0[A] -> Link [LNKC] -> GSI 11 (level, high) -> IRQ 11[    2.402031] e1000: 0000:00:03.0: e1000_probe: (PCI:33MHz:32-bit) 52:54:00:12:34:56[    2.441061] e1000: eth0: e1000_probe: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection[    2.442663] e100: Intel(R) PRO/100 Network Driver, 3.5.23-k4-NAPI[    2.442895] e100: Copyright(c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation[    2.447368] console [netcon0] enabled[    0.000000] Linux version 2.6.24-gcbe024b4-dirty (pengdonglin@pengdonglin-dell) (gcc version 4.4.7 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.4.7-8ubuntu1) ) #7 SMP Sun Jul 2 12:29:54 CST 2017[    0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000000f0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000003ffe0000 (usable)[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 000000003ffe0000 - 0000000040000000 (reserved)[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000fffc0000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)[    0.000000] 127MB HIGHMEM available.[    0.000000] 896MB LOWMEM available.[    0.000000] found SMP MP-table at 000f6a90[    0.000000] Zone PFN ranges:[    0.000000]   DMA             0 ->     4096[    0.000000]   Normal       4096 ->   229376[    0.000000]   HighMem    229376 ->   262112[    0.000000] Movable zone start PFN for each node[    0.000000] early_node_map[1] active PFN ranges[    0.000000]     0:        0 ->   262112[    0.000000] DMI 2.8 present.[    0.000000] Using APIC driver default[    0.000000] ACPI: RSDP 000F6860, 0014 (r0 BOCHS )[    0.000000] ACPI: RSDT 3FFE1936, 0030 (r1 BOCHS  BXPCRSDT        1 BXPC        1)[    0.000000] ACPI: FACP 3FFE180A, 0074 (r1 BOCHS  BXPCFACP        1 BXPC        1)[    0.000000] ACPI: DSDT 3FFE0040, 17CA (r1 BOCHS  BXPCDSDT        1 BXPC        1)[    0.000000] ACPI: FACS 3FFE0000, 0040[    0.000000] ACPI: APIC 3FFE187E, 0080 (r1 BOCHS  BXPCAPIC        1 BXPC        1)[    0.000000] ACPI: HPET 3FFE18FE, 0038 (r1 BOCHS  BXPCHPET        1 BXPC        1)[    0.000000] ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x608[    0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x00] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)[    0.000000] Processor #0 6:6 APIC version 20[    0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x01] enabled)[    0.000000] Processor #1 6:6 APIC version 20[    0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0xff] dfl dfl lint[0x1])[    0.000000] ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x00] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0])[    0.000000] IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 0, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 dfl dfl)[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 5 global_irq 5 high level)[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_irq 9 high level)[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 10 global_irq 10 high level)[    0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 11 global_irq 11 high level)[    0.000000] Enabling APIC mode:  Flat.  Using 1 I/O APICs[    0.000000] ACPI: HPET id: 0x8086a201 base: 0xfed00000[    0.000000] Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information[    0.000000] Allocating PCI resources starting at 50000000 (gap: 40000000:bffc0000)[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 260065[    0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/ram1 rw rootfstype=ext2 console=ttyS0 init=/linuxrc[    0.000000] Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done.[    0.000000] Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done.[    0.000000] Initializing CPU#0[    0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 12, 16384 bytes)[    0.000000] Detected 3591.653 MHz processor.[    0.440318] Console: colour VGA+ 80x25[    0.441036] console [ttyS0] enabled[    0.449033] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)[    0.450203] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)[    0.526150] Memory: 1000056k/1048448k available (3234k kernel code, 47704k reserved, 1580k data, 264k init, 130944k highmem)[    0.526566] virtual kernel memory layout:[    0.526571]     fixmap  : 0xffe14000 - 0xfffff000   (1964 kB)[    0.526577]     pkmap   : 0xff800000 - 0xffc00000   (4096 kB)[    0.526582]     vmalloc : 0xf8800000 - 0xff7fe000   ( 111 MB)[    0.526586]     lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xf8000000   ( 896 MB)[    0.526591]       .init : 0xc05bb000 - 0xc05fd000   ( 264 kB)[    0.526596]       .data : 0xc0428b57 - 0xc05b3f0c   (1580 kB)[    0.526601]       .text : 0xc0100000 - 0xc0428b57   (3234 kB)[    0.527733] Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode... Ok.[    0.529667] SLUB: Genslabs=11, HWalign=32, Order=0-1, MinObjects=4, CPUs=2, Nodes=1[    0.610936] Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 7223.22 BogoMIPS (lpj=14446442)[    0.612052] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512[    0.616757] CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 32K[    0.616915] CPU: L2 cache: 4096K[    0.617011] CPU: L3 cache: 16384K[    0.617364] Compat vDSO mapped to ffffe000.[    0.617873] Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK.[    0.633293] SMP alternatives: switching to UP code[    0.634978] ACPI: Core revision 20070126[    0.656303] Parsing all Control Methods:[    0.657602] Table [DSDT](id 0001) - 319 Objects with 54 Devices 88 Methods 9 Regions[    0.658273]  tbxface-0598 [00] tb_load_namespace     : ACPI Tables successfully acquired[    0.659332] evxfevnt-0091 [00] enable                : Transition to ACPI mode successful[    0.663913] CPU0: Intel QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+ stepping 03[    0.665581] SMP alternatives: switching to SMP code[    0.667474] Booting processor 1/1 eip 3000[    0.678304] Initializing CPU#1[    0.758847] Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 7237.43 BogoMIPS (lpj=14474868)[    0.758965] CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 32K[    0.758971] CPU: L2 cache: 4096K[    0.758976] CPU: L3 cache: 16384K[    0.759066] CPU1: Intel QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+ stepping 03[    0.760347] Total of 2 processors activated (14460.65 BogoMIPS).[    0.760865] ENABLING IO-APIC IRQs[    0.761888] ..TIMER: vector=0x31 apic1=0 pin1=2 apic2=-1 pin2=-1[    0.909441] checking TSC synchronization [CPU#0 -> CPU#1]: passed.[    0.930299] Brought up 2 CPUs[    0.936650] net_namespace: 64 bytes[    0.939296] NET: Registered protocol family 16[    0.941882] ACPI: bus type pci registered[    0.944310] PCI: PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xfd536, last bus=0[    0.944708] PCI: Using configuration type 1[    0.944969] Setting up standard PCI resources[    0.965663] evgpeblk-0956 [00] ev_create_gpe_block   : GPE 00 to 0F [_GPE] 2 regs on int 0x9[    0.967935] evgpeblk-1052 [00] ev_initialize_gpe_bloc: Found 0 Wake, Enabled 3 Runtime GPEs in this block[    0.987575] Completing Region/Field/Buffer/Package initialization:................................[    0.993463] Initialized 6/9 Regions 0/0 Fields 22/22 Buffers 4/4 Packages (328 nodes)[    0.993951] Initializing Device/Processor/Thermal objects by executing _INI methods:.[    0.996741] Executed 1 _INI methods requiring 0 _STA executions (examined 58 objects)[    0.997565] ACPI: Interpreter enabled[    0.997789] ACPI: (supports S0 S3 S5)[    0.998529] ACPI: Using IOAPIC for interrupt routing[    1.033396] ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (0000:00)[    1.037227] PCI quirk: region 0600-063f claimed by PIIX4 ACPI[    1.037557] PCI quirk: region 0700-070f claimed by PIIX4 SMB[    1.601786] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs 5 *10 11)[    1.602799] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs 5 *10 11)[    1.603545] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 5 10 *11)[    1.604263] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 5 10 *11)[    1.604751] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKS] (IRQs *9)[    1.605642] Linux Plug and Play Support v0.97 (c) Adam Belay[    1.606005] pnp: PnP ACPI init[    1.606194] ACPI: bus type pnp registered[    1.613416] pnp: PnP ACPI: found 11 devices[    1.613718] ACPI: ACPI bus type pnp unregistered[    1.615432] SCSI subsystem initialized[    1.617297] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs[    1.618416] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub[    1.619362] usbcore: registered new device driver usb[    1.620612] PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing[    1.620944] PCI: If a device doesn't work, try "pci=routeirq".  If it helps, post a report[    1.635350] hpet0: at MMIO 0xfed00000, IRQs 2, 8, 0[    1.635660] hpet0: 3 64-bit timers, 100000000 Hz[    1.638597] Time: tsc clocksource has been installed.[    1.681402] NET: Registered protocol family 2[    1.720234] IP route cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)[    1.723501] TCP established hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)[    1.726897] TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)[    1.729321] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 131072 bind 65536)[    1.730276] TCP reno registered[    1.746360] checking if image is initramfs...it isn't (bad gzip magic numbers); looks like an initrd[    1.938773] Freeing initrd memory: 32768k freed[    1.943777] IA-32 Microcode Update Driver: v1.14a 
      
       [    1.947253] highmem bounce pool size: 64 pages[    1.947632] Total HugeTLB memory allocated, 0[    1.963164] Installing knfsd (copyright (C) 1996 okir@monad.swb.de).[    1.964768] io scheduler noop registered[    1.964965] io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)[    1.965183] io scheduler deadline registered[    1.965438] io scheduler cfq registered[    1.965701] Limiting direct PCI/PCI transfers.[    1.965926] PCI: PIIX3: Enabling Passive Release on 0000:00:01.0[    1.966507] Activating ISA DMA hang workarounds.[    1.970978] input: Power Button (FF) as /class/input/input0[    1.971269] ACPI: Power Button (FF) [PWRF][    2.108664] Real Time Clock Driver v1.12ac[    2.109772] Linux agpgart interface v0.102[    2.110646] Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled[    2.111801] serial8250: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A[    2.114751] 00:06: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A[    2.116457] Floppy drive(s): fd0 is 2.88M AMI BIOS[    2.132601] FDC 0 is a S82078B[    2.139792] RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 65535K size 1024 blocksize[    2.141816] loop: module loaded[    2.142121] Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - version 7.3.20-k2[    2.142610] Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation.[    2.147196] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] enabled at IRQ 11[    2.147869] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:03.0[A] -> Link [LNKC] -> GSI 11 (level, high) -> IRQ 11[    2.402031] e1000: 0000:00:03.0: e1000_probe: (PCI:33MHz:32-bit) 52:54:00:12:34:56[    2.441061] e1000: eth0: e1000_probe: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection[    2.442663] e100: Intel(R) PRO/100 Network Driver, 3.5.23-k4-NAPI[    2.442895] e100: Copyright(c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation[    2.447368] console [netcon0] enabled[    2.490168] netconsole: network logging started[    2.490426] Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2[    2.490751] ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx[    2.491802] PIIX3: IDE controller (0x8086:0x7010 rev 0x00) at  PCI slot 0000:00:01.1[    2.492277] PIIX3: not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later[    2.493036]     ide0: BM-DMA at 0xc040-0xc047, BIOS settings: hda:pio, hdb:pio[    2.493638]     ide1: BM-DMA at 0xc048-0xc04f, BIOS settings: hdc:pio, hdd:pio[    4.469939] hdc: QEMU DVD-ROM, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive[    4.471796] hdc: MWDMA2 mode selected[    4.473365] ide1 at 0x170-0x177,0x376 on irq 15[    5.044145] hdc: ATAPI 4X DVD-ROM drive, 512kB Cache[    5.044537] Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20[    5.047601] 3ware Storage Controller device driver for Linux v1.26.02.002.[    5.048199] Driver 'sd' needs updating - please use bus_type methods[    5.048598] Driver 'sr' needs updating - please use bus_type methods[    5.050191] Fusion MPT base driver 3.04.06[    5.050357] Copyright (c) 1999-2007 LSI Corporation[    5.050619] Fusion MPT SPI Host driver 3.04.06[    5.052538] ieee1394: raw1394: /dev/raw1394 device initialized[    5.052969] usbmon: debugfs is not available[    5.053578] USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver v3.0[    5.054255] usbcore: registered new interface driver usblp[    5.054469] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...[    5.054809] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage[    5.055038] USB Mass Storage support registered.[    5.055861] PNP: PS/2 Controller [PNP0303:KBD,PNP0f13:MOU] at 0x60,0x64 irq 1,12[    5.057675] serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1[    5.057993] serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12[    5.059483] mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice[    5.076443] input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard as /class/input/input1[    5.100959] device-mapper: ioctl: 4.12.0-ioctl (2007-10-02) initialised: dm-devel@redhat.com[    5.102606] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid[    5.103054] drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c: v2.6:USB HID core driver[    5.104214] oprofile: using NMI interrupt.[    5.105193] TCP cubic registered[    5.105441] NET: Registered protocol family 1[    5.107096] NET: Registered protocol family 10[    5.111118] IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver[    5.112899] NET: Registered protocol family 17[    5.114154] RPC: Registered udp transport module.[    5.114367] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.[    5.115520] Using IPI No-Shortcut mode[    5.294197] input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /class/input/input2[    5.330384] RAMDISK: ext2 filesystem found at block 0[    5.331404] RAMDISK: Loading 32768KiB [1 disk] into ram disk... done.[    6.704432] VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).mount: mounting debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug failed: No such file or directory[    7.024907] e1000: eth0: e1000_watchdog: NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: RX[    7.028493] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready[    7.033541] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes readyPlease press Enter to activate this console. [root@x86 ]# [root@x86 ]# [root@x86 ]# ifconfig eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:12:34:56            inet addr:192.168.1.20  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe12:3456/64 Scope:Link          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:5 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000           RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:398 (398.0 B)          Base address:0xc000 Memory:febc0000-febe0000 lo        Link encap:Local Loopback            inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0           RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)[root@x86 ]# [  113.736471] Clocksource tsc unstable (delta = 42952780594 ns)[  113.871004] Time: hpet clocksource has been installed.[root@x86 ]# ping 192.168.1.105PING 192.168.1.105 (192.168.1.105): 56 data bytes64 bytes from 192.168.1.105: seq=0 ttl=64 time=7.657 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.105: seq=1 ttl=64 time=2.020 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.105: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.371 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.105: seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.368 ms--- 192.168.1.105 ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 0.368/2.604/7.657 ms[root@x86 ]#
      
     

 

完。